Nunes, C. M., Lima, V. M. F. de, Paula, H. B. de, Perri, S. H. V., Andrade, A. M. de, Dias, F. E. F., & Burattini, M. N. (2008). Dog culling and replacement in an area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, 153(1–2), 19–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.01.005
Observational study of dog culling intervention in Brazil for leishmaniasis control. 61% of the estimate dogs in the study population were culled, 39% of culled dogs were replaced by 1 or more dogs within a mean of just 4 months, replacements were mostly puppies and 42% were positive for leishmaniasis – much higher than the 27% of positive cases in the original population.