Moreira, E. D., Mendes De Souza, V. M., Sreenivasan, M., Nascimento, E. G., & Pontes De Carvalho, L. (2004). Assessment of an optimized dog-culling program in the dynamics of canine Leishmania transmission. Veterinary Parasitology, 122(4), 245–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.05.019

Experimental study of a dynamic cohort of dogs undergoing ‘optimised’ culling for leishmaniasis control in Brazil over 32 months. New immigrant dogs made up 44-50% of the cohort each time they were measured, these were usually young and up to 15% were already infected with leishmaniasis when they arrived – high immigration rates were driven by replacement of culled dogs. Incidence of leishmaniasis did not decline over the culling intervention.