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applications to disease and population control. Journal of Applied Ecology, 51, 1096–1106. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12279
Observational study of a dynamic cohort of dogs in 3 communities in South Africa and Bali, Indonesia. These dogs were not under any intervention. They were followed closely for 3 years – 60-72% of the starting cohort died over the 3 years of observation. Most of the replacement dogs were from outside the community.